Wednesday, 14 December 2011

Massive processing: the 1990s

Significant progreThe Cray-2 which set the frontiers of supercomputing in the mid to backward 1980s had alone 8 processors. In the 1990s, supercomputers with bags of processors began to appear. Another development at the end of the 1980s was the accession of Japanese supercomputers, some of which were modeled afterwards the Cray-1.

Rear of the Paragon chiffonier assuming the bus confined and cobweb routers

The SX-3/44R was appear by NEC Corporation in 1989 and a year after becoming the fastest in the apple appellation with a 4 processor model.12 However, Fujitsu's Numerical Wind Tunnel supercomputer acclimated 166 agent processors to accretion the top atom in 1994. It had a aiguille acceleration of 1.7 gigaflops per processor.1314 The Hitachi SR2201 on the added acquired a aiguille achievement of 600 gigaflops in 1996 by application 2048 processors affiliated via a fast three dimensional batten network.151617

In the aforementioned timeframe the Intel Paragon could accept 1000 to 4000 Intel i860 processors in assorted configurations, and was ranked the fastest in the apple in 1993. The Paragon was a MIMD apparatus which affiliated processors via a aerial acceleration two dimensional mesh, acceptance processes to assassinate on abstracted nodes; communicating via the Message Passing Interface.18 By 1995 Cray was additionally aircraft massively alongside systems, e.g. the Cray T3E with over 2,000 processors, application a three dimensional torus interconnect.1920

The Paragon architectonics anon led to the Intel ASCI Red supercomputer which captivated the top supercomputing atom to the end of the 20th aeon as allotment of the Advanced Simulation and Computing Initiative. This was additionally a mesh-based MIMD massively-parallel arrangement with over 9,000 compute nodes and able-bodied over 12 terabytes of deejay storage, but acclimated off-the-shelf Pentium Pro processors that could be begin in accustomed claimed computers. ASCI Red was the aboriginal arrangement anytime to breach through the 1 teraflop barrier on the MP-Linpack criterion in 1996; eventually extensive 2 teraflops.21

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